Principles And Practice Of Joint And Soft Tissue Injection

Name of student: Course: Principles and Practice of Joint and Soft Tissue Injection Topic: A portfolio containing evidence of critical thinking and appraisal related to injection therapy Injection therapeutic therapy is found to be effective for pain relief and addressing inflammation. The main purpose is the administration of local anaesthetic agents for pain relief and delivery of corticosteroids to minimize inflammation. (Cardone Tallia, 2002). Injection therapy administration has excellent results to manage a number of conditions, including frozen shoulder, tennis elbow and arthritis in joint. Injections, when administered directly on soft tissues or joint or soft tissues provide a quick and effective†¦show more content†¦I was also explained that this intervention will help me in achieving short term goals i.e. pain management and strengthening of service provider and service user relationship. I made up my mind and searched for accredited injection therapy course and found one on Keele university website and later enrolled in to this course. This module provided me an opportunity to engage myself in interactive learning for injection therapy from different of experts, evidence and research relating to competence in the beneficial role of injection therapy, role of injection therapy that meets the standards of professional bodies like CSP and HCPC, improved my knowledge of anatomy, pathology and pharmacology to a detailed and specialist level in relation to the use of injections. At the same-time, it enabled me to investigate the safety, ethical and legal issues associated with the use of injection treatment. On completion of this injection therapy course, I feel myself more confident as: 1. It has cleared me theory and practice of peripheral intra- and periarticular injection therapy and more insight of the different drugs used for injections. 2. More insight to use injection therapy as an intervention or as a part to other forms of treatment. 3. Able to justify and provide appropriate clinical reasoning when considering the use of injection. 4. Feel myself competent inShow MoreRelatedGerontology Study Guide Essay3095 Words   |  13 PagesHealth restoration, Rehabilitation, Palliation J. Standard V: Implementation a. Plan of care is implemented in collaboration with the older adult and others b. Interventions are selected according to level of education and practice of the gerontological nurse. K. Standard VI: Evaluation a. The gerontological nurse evaluates the older adult’s progress toward attainment of expected outcomes. b. 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The Research Essay Help Stories

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An Evaluation of Employee Motivation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Employee Motivation. Answer: The Transcript: An Evaluation of Employee Motivation in the Extended Public Sector The financial study of faculty strategies and work-put profitability has focused on money related motivation components. Scholars have considered the capacity of piece-rate contracts, competitions, and end contracts to incite beneficial conduct concerning specialists. These components offer outward motivation; they prompt beneficial conduct through direct (or backhanded) fiscal prizes and disciplines. As of late, nonetheless, business analysts have turned out to be progressively keen on the thought of inborn motivation. Extensively, this alludes to motivation to play out an undertaking that is autonomous of any direct money related reward (Alexandre Nicols, 2016). The study of motivation has been both hypothetical and experimental. Investigations have turned out to be especially valuable for exact work here, enabling researchers to exogenously shift components that would be hard to see in a genuine firm. By making freely accessible data about specialist efficiency, a firm can plan to raise the motivation and, thus, the profitability of its laborers without relating pay to individual or gathering profitability (Anna Telin, 2016). From the 1980s there has been a deliberate push to change the public sector. This has brought about the deregulation of significant markets identified with open utilities, for example, vitality (energy) and media communications; private financing has been supported for open speculation ventures, and considerable market components have been acquainted with the institutional setting that manages open associations' operations. Under the above advancements, the administration of the general population segment has gone to the fore as associations customarily engaged with the organization of state matters are requested to change their approach, be more business situated, indicate monetary outcomes and be surveyed against execution criteria. Keeping in mind the end goal to react to the above and comparative requests, the general population area is grappling with how best to change itself; looking for always to improve its possibilities even with the new difficulties it goes up against. In this time of change, the worry over representatives' motivation is on the highest point of open administration research plan. In fact, administration writing states that individuals are an essential hierarchical asset and the way to accomplishing higher execution, while Binod Devi (2013) contend that open organization needs to reframe the motivation question. Hence, it appears that at the beginning of another century, the focal test for open administrators is to meet partnerships'/associations' targets for viability and efficiency while satisfying the necessities of representatives for motivation, reward, and fulfillment. Regardless of the significance of the point, by far most of the research on work motivation tended and kept on focusing too vigorously on the private segment. Additionally, a significant part of the writing that identifies with open area motivation is hypothetical. The constrained proof gave on related issues comprises to a great extent of experimental open private part contracts. With a couple of striking special cases, observational research on how open representatives are persuaded and the effect of various sorts of motivation on open associations' execution has gotten moderately little consideration (Eyun?Jung Linda, 2012). Furthermore, except for Brewe every one of the investigations that have related open area execution with motivation has been made of directors and not representatives. The reason for this paper is to give bits of knowledge upon the above-recognized holes of the writing with the in general goal to help people in general organization in the improvement of a powerful motivation plot lined up with associations' structure and aims. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Work motivation is a standout amongst the most seriously examined themes in the sociologies. As indicated by Selde, researchers have given a considerable push to building up an ace hypothesis of motivation, attempting to consolidate different qualities to the idea. In the fundamental, in the fields of human asset administration and authoritative conduct, motivation is frequently portrayed as being "inborn" or "outward" in nature. Outward motivation happens when workers can fulfill their requirements by implication, in particular through financial remuneration. Conversely, natural motivation is obvious when people's conduct is arranged towards the fulfillment of natural mental needs as opposed to getting material prizes. Motivation is inborn when individuals play out an action for itself; endeavoring to encounter the fulfillment intrinsic in the action or to secure the commitments of individual and social standards for their particular purpose. Natural motivation seems, by all account s, to be self-characterized and self-managed and is cultivated by a promise to the work itself, which must be both fulfilling and satisfying for the representatives. In an association (open or private), representatives can be roused by both extraneous and natural factors that will satisfy their discernments in regards to progress, reward, and fulfillment (Farhad Akram, 2012). Researchers, for the most part, depict work motivation as a bringing together subject that connections together with a system of subordinate ideas. Surely, the relationship and between connectedness of execution, objectives, work fulfillment and work motivation are settled in the hierarchical writing. In the private part, the writing shows that partnerships, as a rule, interface workers' fulfillment with the arrangement of money related (compensation and powerful impetuses) rewards. ejia contended that compensation decisions accessible to administration positively affect firms' execution and the successful utilization of HR, though Hsu (2011) saw a positive connection between the open door for various leveled headway and expanded money related pay. Aside from financial prizes, confirm additionally considers a positive relationship between representatives' fulfillment and other extraneous motivators too. In this way, Jain (2016) focused on the need to make a workplace that fortifies p rizes and acknowledgment. In an expansion, there is additional confirmation to help the direct positive relationship between characteristic motivation and operational adequacy. Jay et al. (2011) reasonable paper had set up a positive relationship between inherent prizes (inward fulfillment and testing work) and execution, though Manol concentrated on creativeness, disagreeing that the main incentive for personnel may perhaps be the job itself. Critical Reflection In light of the expanding consideration committed to open part change, open supervisors need to reframe the path of work motivation and its effect on authoritative execution. Though there are a few hypothetical investigations that investigate the issue, the writing on research out in the open organization inclines for more hypothesis testing. What's more, the majority of the investigations confirming related subjects allude to administrative recognitions in financially propelled nations (remarkably the USA, UK). The point of the present paper is to explore how entrenched the establishment of the connection amongst motivation and hierarchical execution is reflected in general society; part of a more middle of the road level economy (Jennifer et al, 2015). Specifically, we have inspected the issue of work motivation in Greece, being routed to three associations where the state is a noteworthy partner. All the more particularly, in light of an exceptional poll based overview, I recognized the degree of the arrangement of extraneous and natural motivators, and I analyzed which kind of motivation has a positive effect on associations' execution. Since open part should benefit as much as possible from the motivational prizes it brings to the table to pull in and hold the more gainful work constraint, I likewise related the arrangement of particular motivational instruments (as a path for execution enhancements) with representatives' observations (Johan Alistair, 2017). The discoveries show that in the expanded open segment of Greece open chairpersons endeavor to spur their workers and enhance efficiency by underscoring on outward rewards and all the more particularly by the arrangement of reasonable wages, what's more, expanded employee stability. Be that as it may, the adequacy of this example is firmly sketchy for quite a long time to desire two reasons. First, some current revisions to the current enactment and the rebuilding and scaling down of the general population area in Greece will prompt the decrease of customary professional stability (Portugal likewise appears to involve a comparable fascinating case). Second, somewhat because of the monetary strategy embraced by the Greek governments, the expanded level of joblessness in Greece (around 10% in 2005) and the way that lately I have seen an unparalleled decrease in union participation in the general population area, it is difficult to help a hopeful situation concerning an expansion in the wage extend that would fulfill open hirelings. Diagram of a CT Model: Dilts Neurological Levels What's more, the confirmation gave firmly challenges the advantages of utilizing outside prizes as an approach to trigger higher execution levels. Despite the fact that compensation and advantages may rouse a few people to exceed expectations in broad daylight division occupations, our observational discoveries push the significance of inherent impetuses upon the execution of the associations under scrutiny. Lastly, the outcomes record the presence of a multifaceted set of representatives' needs and fulfillment determinants, which is unequivocally separated in connection to their statistic qualities and capacity. Though money related prizes keep on having significant interest among workers, inborn motivators (imaginative work, acknowledgment for accomplishments, more independence inside the working environment) appear to be added to produce superior. This is another contention to help the synergistic impact amongst extraneous and characteristic motivation, showing the many-sided quality of the motivational build and hidden the trouble to catch successfully every one of its features in a genuine setting. The discoveries may have vital ramifications for approach producers and open supervisors. Maybe the most critical ramifications of the study are that open directors require another conceptualization of how extraneous and inborn motivation works. As indicated by Liwen Jingkun (2015), if chiefs work on the short-sighted 'logical administration' thought that extraneous motivation is constantly essential and constantly positive they can meander into a sad mess. To the degree that representatives are all the more naturally persuaded, they are probably going to create low quality work and leave the association if given the open door. The watched irregularity and inability to comprehend what persuades open workers may lead not exclusively to poor occupation execution temporarily yet in addition to the perpetual uprooting of an open division ethic in the long haul. One other conceivable ramifications of these discoveries are that open executives ought to reframe their perspectives concerning the boost of the general population area and relate efficiency with legitimately planned pay plans, trying to connect representatives' money related prizes with the objectives of the association. In any case, workers who have the possibilities to be more gainful (more experienced and taught) consider that execution is identified with the arrangement of a multifaceted setting off sparks, including both outward rewards and natural thought processes. Accordingly, open supervisors ought not to consider just the arrangement of extraneous prizes dependent upon execution, yet additionally to underline on the arrangement of important, occupations that offer an open door for inventiveness and individual progression. Like all research, the present study has a few impediments, which damper the discoveries detailed here and ought to be recognized. The most vital identify with the embodiment of the execution build. Hierarchical execution is subjective, complex and especially difficult to quantify in people in general division. The execution marker utilized as a part of this research (volume of offers) has a lot of alluring properties. It is quantifiable, solid and entrenched in writing; in any case, it is restricted, productivity related and may disregard other essential measurements of execution, for example, the nature of work or even value and decency. Besides, execution is reliant upon an assortment of components. In this study, I have inspected the connection amongst execution and motivation, be that as it may, keeping in mind the end goal to have a more "all encompassing" comprehension of the idea I ought to likewise look at the effect of different also develops, for example, initiative and su pervision. At last, I address the idea of geographic degree as a unidimensional build, not considering for the decent natural varieties among nations (Luciane Reinaldo, 2013). Despite the fact that I could expect comparable discoveries for center pay fringe European nations, I ought to be extremely mindful in summing up the outcomes for further developed economies. Being centered around a particular market (Greece), I limit the wellsprings of unessential difference. Nonetheless, open part execution is unquestionably impacted by nearby political, monetary and work conditions. It is difficult to tell how much this fluctuation influences the outcomes however I ought to perceive that it must have an impact. The shortcomings of the present study give proposals to future research. Despite restrictions and the way that there is dependably space for a blunder in any poll based research; the confirmation appears to give fascinating bits of knowledge into our underlying aims. I trust that this study will revive the investigation of comparable subjects. References Alexandre P. and Nicols C., 2016. Indirectly productive entrepreneurship. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 5(2), pp. 161-175. Anna T. Perry, Telin S. Chung, 2016. Understand attitude-behavior gaps and benefit-behavior connections in Eco-Apparel. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 20(1), pp. 105-119. Binod K. Shrestha and Devi R. Gnyawali, 2013. Insights onstrategic management practices in Nepal. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 2(2), pp. 191-210. Eyun?Jung Ki, Linda C. Hon, 2012. Causal linkages among relationship quality perception, attitude, and behavior intention in a membership organization. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(2). Farhad A. and Akram S., 2012. Strategic management: the case of NGOs in Palestine. Management Research Review, 35(6), pp. 473-489. Hsu, Y., 2011. Design innovation and marketing strategy in successful product competition. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, pp. 223-236. Jain, A. K., 2016. Volunteerism, affective commitment and citizenship behavior: An empirical study in India. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(3), p. 657=671. Jay M., Abubakar Y A, Sagagi M., 2011. Knowledge creation and human capital for development: the role of graduate entrepreneurship. Education + Training, 53(5), pp. 462-479. Jennifer Kerr, Paul Rouse, and Charl de Villiers, 2015. Sustainability reporting integrated into management control systems. Pacific Accounting Review, pp. 189-207. Johan G. and Alistair R. A., 2017. Entrepreneurship and context: when entrepreneurship is greater than entrepreneurs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 23(2), pp. 267-278. Liwen Tan, Jingkun Ding, 2015. The frontier and evolution of the strategic management theory: A scientometric analysis of Strategic Management Journal, 2001-2012. Nankai Business Review International, 6(1), pp. 20-41. Luciane Reginato and Reinaldo Guerreiro, 2013. Relationships between environment, culture, and management control systems. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, pp. 219-240. McManus, J., 2011. Revisiting ethics in strategic management. Corporaate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 11(2), pp. 214-223. n.a, 2017. Sorry Day. Echos of Injustice. Pederzini, G. D. A., 2016. Strategic management cultures: historical connections with science. Journal of Management History, 22(2), pp. 214-235. Richard M. and Erik N., 2016. Survey of experiential entrepreneurship education offerings among top undergraduate entrepreneurship programs. Education + Training, 58(2), pp. 164-178.

Paramount Health and Beauty Essay Example

Paramount Health and Beauty Essay Paramount Health and Beauty Company is in the process of launching a new technologically advanced nondisposable razor â€Å"Clean Edge†. With its improved design, Clean Edge provides superior performance by utilizing a vibrating technology to stimulate hair follicles and lift the hair from the skin, allowing for a more thorough shave. The company has decided to introduce it in the men’s market where it has a strong presence. The company is now focussing on positioning and naming of this new product. It also needs to decide on the promotional activities to be performed adhering to the budget constraints and also must decide on the distribution channels through which it can reach to the masses. Industry experts have divided the nondisposable razor and refill cartridge market into three segments based on price and quality: value, moderate and super premium. Paramount currently offers two products: Paramount Pro operating in the moderate segment and Paramount Avail operating in the value segment. With these two products, it captured the unit-volume market leader position with a 23% retail unit share and is now a respected brand in the industry. But neither Pro nor Avail had introduced significant technology innovations in the last five years. In the last decade, the industry has experienced significant growth in the super premium segment and has catered various product innovations and new technologies. The executives of the company have come to a consensus that the Clean Edge razor should be priced in the super premium segment. We will write a custom essay sample on Paramount Health and Beauty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Paramount Health and Beauty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Paramount Health and Beauty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But they are still sceptical on how to position the product. One strategy is to release the product into the mainstream razor market within the super premium segment and position it as the most effective razor available. Another is to introduce it as a niche product targeting the most intensely involved super premium consumers who look for superior skin care products. Both the positioning strategies have their own pros and cons. Also, clean edge razor faces a threat from a new entrant â€Å"Naiv† manufactured by one of its strong competitors Radiance. It also works on a similar technology and is due to release in September 2010. Naiv acquired a 13% share in test markets and based on Radiance’s past launches in the new product category Paramount believes that it would be a great success. It will also get an advantage of early entry into the market and is likely to be positioned as a niche product in the super premium segment. Also it is estimated that radiance would spend over $16 million for media advertising while Paramount aces a limitation in its budget for media advertising. The projected price of naiv is $11. 80 while that of clean edge razor, if introduced in the niche market, is 12. 99. Therefore some of the executives in Paramount feel that it is not a good idea to position it as a niche product. Positioning it as a mainstream entry has an advantage of preventing the existing customer base of Paramount moving to more innovative brands. It also can distinguish itself from the other competitors with its technical effi ciency. The projected price of clean edge is $11. 9 in this segment, which is lower than the price of Naiv. This gives clean edge an advantage over Naiv. But the problem here is that it already has a product in mainstream – Paramount Pro and introducing clean edge to this segment will lead to dilution of the brand power resulting in cannibalization. Here arises the need for executives to analyze the situation and come up with a strategy that best suits company’s interests. Recommendations: Positioning Clean Edge as the most effective available razor in the mainstream market would be the better option because Paramount has a prior experience in this sector and it would be easy for them to sustain in the market. Present sales of the Paramount in razor industry come to $170 million and Paramount Pro contributes to this significantly. By introducing Clean Edge in the mainstream sector a 60% fall in the sales of Pro is predicted and the revenue generated by it will come down to $68 million. But it is expected that clean edge will generate a revenue of $147. million* and in turn Paramount can achieve a net sales of $215. 8 million. Marketing cost is approximated to $42 million and Paramount will be able to generate a profit of $173. 8 million. If they had positioned it in the niche segment they would lose only 35% sales of Pro. But at the same time, due to the constraints in the market clean edge can raise sales of only $52. 8 million and the net sales will total to $163. 3 million. Here the marketing cost is approximated to $15 million and the revenue generated will amount to $148. million. Thus the figures clearly indicate that concentrating the mainstream would be more beneficial. Also Paramount will be able to achieve a profit margin of $3. 09 per unit even after providing distributors a margin of $3. 36 per unit. Since the product is being positioned in the mainstream segment it would be better if it is named â€Å"Paramount Clean Razor† because this helps customers relate with the brand and would be easier for it to compete with Naiv since it is a recognized brand in this sector. Also, by this Paramount can actually retain their old customers. Retail stores and drug stores must be focused for distribution since they perform volume sales of about 42% and 29% respectively. Special discounts must be given to them for bulk orders so as to gain more shelf space and their support too. *Calculated using weighted average factor that came out to 0. 284 and by comparing market expense and sales which are in fixed proportion as mentioned in the case.

Free Essays on Simple As Sign Language

Simple as Sign Language Upon opening the November issue of Guitar World I flipped passed an advertisement that appeared too plain to sell even a jar of mayonnaise. I flipped back and noticed it had no flashy bright colors, no bold and edgy letters, or even a half-naked lady on it. The advertisement does not even seem to pitch a specific product or event, just the general name of a company, ERNIE BALL. Any guitar player, novice or expert, would immediately know precisely that the company ERNIE BALL specializes in producing guitar strings. The unpretentious manifestation of the ad creates a visual hook for the audience and the dexterous arrangement is quite witty. The background of the advertisement is extremely plain: it is a charcoal colored backdrop. The focus of the ad is what appear to be hands obviously exhibiting sign language. The hands look as though they have been illustrated upon the blackboard of my fifth grade classroom and portray simple hand signals to emphasize the austere setting of this situation. Interconnecting the hands are uncomplicated mathematical symbols. The symbols indicate that the first hand signal plus the second hand gesture equal the third one. The mathematical reference interlocks the characteristics of the ad assembling the idea without direct language, such as a complete sentence. To begin this complete sentence the first hand gesture is that of a closed fist, which makes one wonder the possibly of this advertisement pertaining to black power. The second gesture is that of an open hand, ruling out the possible reference to black power, and possibly suggesting a Nazi based theme. In order to understand this ad, it would seem that one should know the basic hand signals of American Sign Language. The closed fist is equivalent to the letter E and the open hand is identical to the letter B. The mathematical signs fuse together the sign language portions; anyone who is well trained in mathematics woul... Free Essays on Simple As Sign Language Free Essays on Simple As Sign Language Simple as Sign Language Upon opening the November issue of Guitar World I flipped passed an advertisement that appeared too plain to sell even a jar of mayonnaise. I flipped back and noticed it had no flashy bright colors, no bold and edgy letters, or even a half-naked lady on it. The advertisement does not even seem to pitch a specific product or event, just the general name of a company, ERNIE BALL. Any guitar player, novice or expert, would immediately know precisely that the company ERNIE BALL specializes in producing guitar strings. The unpretentious manifestation of the ad creates a visual hook for the audience and the dexterous arrangement is quite witty. The background of the advertisement is extremely plain: it is a charcoal colored backdrop. The focus of the ad is what appear to be hands obviously exhibiting sign language. The hands look as though they have been illustrated upon the blackboard of my fifth grade classroom and portray simple hand signals to emphasize the austere setting of this situation. Interconnecting the hands are uncomplicated mathematical symbols. The symbols indicate that the first hand signal plus the second hand gesture equal the third one. The mathematical reference interlocks the characteristics of the ad assembling the idea without direct language, such as a complete sentence. To begin this complete sentence the first hand gesture is that of a closed fist, which makes one wonder the possibly of this advertisement pertaining to black power. The second gesture is that of an open hand, ruling out the possible reference to black power, and possibly suggesting a Nazi based theme. In order to understand this ad, it would seem that one should know the basic hand signals of American Sign Language. The closed fist is equivalent to the letter E and the open hand is identical to the letter B. The mathematical signs fuse together the sign language portions; anyone who is well trained in mathematics woul...

How to Create an Effective Book Publicity Plan

How to Create an Effective Book Publicity Plan Creating an Effective and Timely Book Publicity Plan Publicity is a commonly misunderstood side of book marketing - it's often assumed that a publicists job is to get reviews and interviews. But this is just the tip of your book publicity plan - there is so much more a book's launch team needs to do, according to this new post from publicist Coleen Hatrick.Self-publishing is a ton of work –   getting the manuscript written, copyedited, revisions, choosing text layout, and the cover design all come first. Consequently, for many first-time authors – publicity, and marketing become afterthoughts. It is well-nigh impossible to get decent attention for your book if you start the PR campaign after publication.Timing is everything to run a successful PR campaign. As an experienced book publicist, I regularly turn down work offers from first-time authors who wait until it is too late to get in touch with Publicity and Marketing. It's a real shame, especially when I'm faced with a captivating manuscript that deserves some lime light.So how can you make sure you're ready to work with a professional publicist or marketer in the run-up to your launch date? J.K. Rowling's Amazon Author PageReach out to blogs.  Contact bloggers you have some rapport with and offer a blog post, exclusive extracts, interview to go out at publication time. Send your media kit.Set your book to pre-order.  You or your marketer can create a product page on Amazon, Nook, and Apple Books. Upload your finalized cover design and favorable or engaging quotes from early readers. Don’t forget to include links to the content related to this book.Finalize interview dates.  Local radio and papers will book interviews at this stage, or sometimes closer to their publication date. If your publicist has been in contact with them before, they should confirm that they’re on the case.Host a cover reveal.  You can do this yourself on your website, Facebook, Twitter or work with a blog. Think about which will have the biggest reach.Leak short extracts from the book on Twitter or InstagramActivate your network!  Get the word out to your contacts, friends, and colleague networks. A publicist should be able to access your social media accounts or you can agree/author content and frequency/schedule together. It can be daunting to involve these connections, but that’s what the launch party is for.Take pictures at your party. Encourage attendees to share the joy and decide on a #hashtag to use. Bring copies of your books and little postcards advertising it. And remember to have a blast!Publication week and beyondShow-off on social media!  Share pictures of the physical book. Keep your followers updated with great quotes, mentions, compliments and likes. Post any media coverage you’ve received and remember to tag the outlet (which can get them to repost).Set up a Google alert.  Use the book title  and your name. Additionally, you may set a separate alert on the main subject/topic in order to tie in or offer comment to related trending news.Sign up to HARO (Help a Reporter Out). A free media sourcing service where report er's request stories linked to what they are working on. The requests come in twice a day. Prepare for your inbox to fill-up.Share your media hits.  Media hits beget more media. The right story can get picked up overnight, and some go viral. Add a ‘praise’ sheet to your media kit, and update your website  and Amazon page.Set up an online QA session on Twitter QA or Facebook QAGo local.  Your publicist can pitch for local radio interviews, and local TV now. Shape your talking points to the particular outlet. It really helps to be familiar with the programmes.Freebies.  Some blogs and some local radio outlets love having prizes to offer their audience.Events.  This is an effective way to keep connecting with your future readers and can be spread out over the ensuing year.We hope this timetable is beneficial and clarifies why it is important to start the publicity and marketing process early. There is room for creativity and imagination in promoting your work. Wi th so much competition and distraction vying for attention, it is reassuring to know that you are doing everything you can for your book.Self-publishing and working for small start-up publishers are quite different to working for big powerhouse companies and can be consequently much harder to be heard in a public arena.  Meanwhile, the book trade is showing signs of a refreshing rebirth thanks to the rise of independent small publishers, and confident self-publishing authors.Coleen Hatrick is a former in-house Publicity Manager UK at Oxford University Press. Including a stint in NYC, she has over 10 years experience in Academic Trade books, journals, and online products. She is now working as a freelance publicist in both markets and she can be found on the Reedsy Marketplace.

White paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

White paper - Essay Example The idea here is to gain acceptance and thus every sentence ought to be written with this in mind and carefully. Green infrastructure is now becoming the key and big thing for the achievement of a green world. It turns the concentration of attention to enhancing the management of the spaces and areas between the buildings as contemporary economies put great efforts to develop their performance at everything environmental. This project was draw out of this realization and will endeavor to develop the plan and strategy for the Green Infrastructure Development in West Bronx, 3rd Avenue Commercial Corridor. With rapid rate of urbanization and environmental degradation, going for the green infrastructure is the only option to balance between the two and ensure that none overdoes the other. There is a need to demand and formulate higher and more vigorous mechanisms of ecosystem function. There is need for deeper understanding the vital patterns and significant processes of healthy ecosystems and how this can be utilized to go beyond a fairly passive conservation approach to form a more resilient and regenerative systems of green urban infrastructure. Conserving the environment results to the benefits to the society both economically and socially.

Incorporation is Effective and Allows the Business to Raise Revenue Essay

Incorporation is Effective and Allows the Business to Raise Revenue - Essay Example A LLC protects a person from getting their personal assets taken away, his assets of the company will be in danger. The court will first investigate the matter, and then the matter of meditations and negotiations takes place. The court may close the LLC for a fee and analyze the allocation of assets that the plaintiff deserves. aâ‚ ¬? Susan, Dave, and Marvin are society hair stylists, who make a very good living. Because they are all in so much demand, they decide to open a business together. They form a Limited Liability Company, through which they operate a hair salon called Fabulous Hair, LLC. Each contributes $10,000 to the business. One day Marvin calls in sick, and Susan and Dave work double duty trying to keep up with Marvinaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appointments and their own appointments. Dave forgets about one of Marvinaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s clients and leaves chemicals on her hair too long, which causes serious chemical burns. The client sues for damages and recovers a judgment in the amount of $75,000 against Fabulous. Discuss the extent to which each member of the LLC may be held responsible for the clientaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s damages. Support your conclusions with facts and information from the text. Be sure to cite to your sources. Since the company is LLC, everyone is accounted for the share that they put up in the corporation. Susan, and Marvin will have liability of $10000, but since Dave left the chemicals, he will personally liable more than his partners since it was his fault. Susan and Marvin are not responsible for Dave’s work and hence should file a motion to dismiss the notion. A LLC protects the assets of another employees even if the another employee does... The paper shows that since the company is LLC, everyone is accounted for the share that they put up in the corporation. Susan and Marvin will have the liability of $10000, but since Dave left the chemicals, he will personally liable more than his partners since it was his fault. Susan and Marvin are not responsible for Dave’s work and hence should file a motion to dismiss the notion. An LLC protects the assets of another employee even if the another employee does something wrong. In essence, Susan and Marvin's won't have to worry about their personal assets. Paul and Rachel Anderson love to eat at Burgerville, a nationwide chain of fast-food restaurants. They love it so much that they purchase a Burgerville franchise from Burgerville, Inc., and are successful right away. One day, supermodel Olga X enters the restaurant with her children. Olga slips on Super Secret Sauce, a Burgerville treats that someone spilled on the floor. Olga slides across the floor and hits her face on the jukebox, which causes permanent injury to her famous face. Her attorney filed suit against Paul, Rachel, and Burgerville, Inc. List the rights and obligations arising from the business relationship between the Andersons and Burgerville, Inc. Will Olga recover a judgment against all the parties she has sued? Explain the legal and factual reasons for your answer. Paul and Rachel since are the owners, will have to pay for certain injuries, but they will be limited. Buying a franchise, in essence, means to buy a security.

Evaluating Different Sources of Information Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Different Sources of Information Essay 1. Introduction With vast access to various types of information nowadays; it’s important to be able to distinguish truth and accuracy. The aim of this report is to evaluate the reliability of three different sources; a policy document, academic paper and newspaper articles in regards to space, place and culture. The objectives are to compare the listed sources through highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each source and to indicate when and how it might be appropriate to use them for a potential essay ‘The interaction between global and local processes in the creation of ‘places’. 2. What are Space, Place and Culture? Space and place can be seen as an absolute structure or as a social experience with meaning, these play key roles in our culture; this system of shared meaning based on everyday life is central to a sense of identity. 3. The Policy Document This policy document ‘Communities in control: Real people, real power’ is a government report based on policies or proposals of an issue. It discusses how local communities can be empowered through having more influence over local council policies and more access to information. 4.1. Advantages The policy document was written by academics and practitioners so the information is reliable; published by the Department for Communities and Local Government so we can assume that the information is accurate. Also, the document is clear, explicit and easy to understand which is important as it’s aimed at the general public. It was printed in July 2008 so it’s recent information. However, this indicates it’s from the previous government and changes have been made to policies due to recent budget cuts so may no longer be up to date but can still be significant when analysing the past. 4.2. Disadvantages However, the policy document may be politically biased because it’s a government document and also as stated on paragraph 58 page 12, ‘In developing the White Paper, we spoke to a wide range of stakeholders who fed their comments and suggestions into policy development.’ Therefore, it raises the question, who are these stakeholders and is their viewpoint biased? 4.3. How to use the source? In relation to the essay title, this policy document is useful when analysing a politically biased viewpoint and discussing the influence of political control on different groups of people. The Academic Paper Academic writing is writing done by scholars, devoted to topics and questions that are of interest to the academic community. This particular academic paper ‘A Global Sense of Place’ by Doreen Massey Taken from Space, Place and Gender (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994) discusses how globalisation is such the norm that those who have control can flourish with it but many people are imprisoned by it due to capitalism or feel at lost for a sense of belonging or identity. 4.4. Advantages Academic papers are usually written by scholars who specialize in a particular field so information which usually consists of primary data can be considered to be accurate. In addition, its peer reviewed and scrutinized by other academics so is reliable. Massey makes reference to Marxist to support her argument and provides facts about different places in order to conceptualise the journal article. The intended audience is academics/students and is fairly easy to understand. 4.5. Disadvantages Journal articles take time to collect research; this was written in 1994 which can be disadvantageous in using for the essay as concepts may no longer be up to date. However, it can be significant when comparing historical information. It appears written as a personal journal entry for example when Massey states ‘a walk down Kilburn road, my local shopping centre.’ so it can seem biased. However, Massey explores different viewpoints in order to compare the ideas. Concepts can seem implicit as the reader needs to almost visualize their own perspective. 4.6. How to use the source? As journal articles are constructed on primary data and have been scrutinized by other academics it is the most reliable source. In relation to the essay title, it would be useful to use when building arguments of different perspectives and to compare with other theories. 4. Newspaper articles Guardian article, ‘Triumph of democracy’ by James Harkin, (2006) informs the public about how the residents of Dingle vote to keep the name of their town, emphasising being in favour of equality and universalism rather than ethnic identities. The other Guardian article, ‘Is Paddington the Big Society in action?’ by Saba Salman, (2011) informs of how Neil Johnston (PDT chief executive) and residents are helping fund and lead the regeneration of the area despite cut backs in government funds. With emphasis on how a strong community input is the back bone to surviving the cuts. 5.7. Advantages The Guardian newspaper is a reliable and popular newspaper; ‘triumph of democracy’ was written in 2006 and ‘Paddington the big society’ was written in 2011, so its current and as it’s aimed at the general public, the information is explicit and easy to understand. 5.8. Disadvantages Information is based on mainly secondary data so it’s not completely reliable, especially as journalists aren’t not required to cite sources so no evidence provided. These particular articles seem biased as it’s the journalist’s viewpoint and Neil Johnston’s viewpoint, and could also be based on newspaper owner’s political goal. 5.9. How to use the source? Newspaper articles are useful when signifying current affairs or comparing historical data. 5. Conclusion Overall, through evaluating the sources it can be suggested that the policy document is politically biased and currently invalid with the change in government. The newspaper articles can be scrutinised as data is second hand and it’s in a biased format. The academic paper has proved most reliable as it’s been peer reviewed and based on primary data, despite being written in 1994 the concepts are still relevant today. However, all sources provide  different concepts of ‘place’ and would be efficient to use to write the essay. 6. Bibliography Communities and Local Government Publications, (July 2008) ‘Communities in control: Real people, real power,’ Department for Communities and Local Government Harkin James, (2006) ‘Triumph of democracy,’ The Guardian Massey Doreen, (1994) ‘A Global sense of Place,’ Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, from Space, Place and Gender Salman Saba, (2011) ‘Is Paddington the big society in action?’ The Guardian

Prejudice and Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay -- HOD Joseph

Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness  Ã‚   Imagine floating up the dark waters of the Congo River in the Heart of Africa. The calmness of the water and the dense fog make the hairs stand up on the back of your neck as you wonder if the steamboats crew will eat you as you sleep. These things occur in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Although the book is undeniably racist, was the author, Joseph Conrad, racist? Conrad was racist because he uses racial slurs, the slavery and unfair treatment of the native Africans in his book. The use of racist language is very prevalent in Heart of Darkness. Conrad, through Marlow, the main character, uses the word nigger when talking about native Africans on many occasions. "The fool-nigger had dropped everything to throw the shutter open and let off that Martini-Henry" (Conrad 46). The use of the word nigger so loosely by Marlow and other people in the book was an accepted thing during the time the book took place. Nigger has always been a racist word and because Conrad writes with this word, he is racist. Conrad’s racist writing makes the native people look ignorant. "I pulled the string of the whistle, and I did this because I saw the pilgrims on the deck getting out their rifles with an air of anticipating a jolly lark. At the sudden screech there was a movement of abject terror through that wedged mass of bodies." (Conrad 66) In this particular portion of the book Conrad blew the steam whistle to scare away the foolish natives. Conrad, in his writing, displays an attitude that the native people were niggers and were not smart people. In writing about this, he is uneducated about cultural differences. He does not know and understand the African people so he calls them niggers... ... teach them, as it were." (Conrad 42) To say the natives had no understanding of time is dehumanizing. Even the most primitive cultures had some sense of time. Weather it simply knowing that when the sun goes down and then comes up, a new day starts. Conrad displayed the natives as things that spoke a primitive language and were not intelligent. Writing about this is extremely racist and offensive. As you push further up river, things emerge from the dense jungle only feet from your boat. The "fool-nigger" driving the boat gets scared and starts shooting. The rest of the ships crew shoots aimlessly into the bush. Joseph Conrad was a racist person. He makes the native African people look like brainless things that should be used as pawns of the European society. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. W.W. Norton and Company: New York. 1988. Prejudice and Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay -- HOD Joseph Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness  Ã‚   Imagine floating up the dark waters of the Congo River in the Heart of Africa. The calmness of the water and the dense fog make the hairs stand up on the back of your neck as you wonder if the steamboats crew will eat you as you sleep. These things occur in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Although the book is undeniably racist, was the author, Joseph Conrad, racist? Conrad was racist because he uses racial slurs, the slavery and unfair treatment of the native Africans in his book. The use of racist language is very prevalent in Heart of Darkness. Conrad, through Marlow, the main character, uses the word nigger when talking about native Africans on many occasions. "The fool-nigger had dropped everything to throw the shutter open and let off that Martini-Henry" (Conrad 46). The use of the word nigger so loosely by Marlow and other people in the book was an accepted thing during the time the book took place. Nigger has always been a racist word and because Conrad writes with this word, he is racist. Conrad’s racist writing makes the native people look ignorant. "I pulled the string of the whistle, and I did this because I saw the pilgrims on the deck getting out their rifles with an air of anticipating a jolly lark. At the sudden screech there was a movement of abject terror through that wedged mass of bodies." (Conrad 66) In this particular portion of the book Conrad blew the steam whistle to scare away the foolish natives. Conrad, in his writing, displays an attitude that the native people were niggers and were not smart people. In writing about this, he is uneducated about cultural differences. He does not know and understand the African people so he calls them niggers... ... teach them, as it were." (Conrad 42) To say the natives had no understanding of time is dehumanizing. Even the most primitive cultures had some sense of time. Weather it simply knowing that when the sun goes down and then comes up, a new day starts. Conrad displayed the natives as things that spoke a primitive language and were not intelligent. Writing about this is extremely racist and offensive. As you push further up river, things emerge from the dense jungle only feet from your boat. The "fool-nigger" driving the boat gets scared and starts shooting. The rest of the ships crew shoots aimlessly into the bush. Joseph Conrad was a racist person. He makes the native African people look like brainless things that should be used as pawns of the European society. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. W.W. Norton and Company: New York. 1988.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 32

â€Å"Damon doesn't mean to be such a – a bastard,†Bonnie said explosively. â€Å"He's just – so often he feels like it's the three of us against him – and – and – â€Å" â€Å"Well, who started that? Even back riding the thurgs,†Stefan said. â€Å"I know, but there's something else,†Bonnie said humbly. â€Å"Since it's only snow and rock and ice – he's – I don't know. He's al tight. Something's wrong.† â€Å"He's hungry,†Elena said, stricken by a sudden realization. Since the thurgs there had been nothing for the two vampires to hunt. They couldn't exist, like foxes, on insects and mice. Of course Lady Ulma had provided plenty of Black Magic for them, the only thing that even resembled a substitute for blood. But their supply was dwindling, and of course, they had to think of the trip back, as well . Suddenly Elena knew what would do her good. â€Å"Stefan,†she murmured, pul ing him into a nook in the craggy stone of the cave entrance. She pushed off her hood and unrol ed her scarf enough to expose one side of her neck. â€Å"Don't make me say ‘please'too many times,†she whispered to him. â€Å"I can't wait that long.† Stefan looked into her eyes, saw that she was serious – and determined – and kissed one of her mittened hands. â€Å"It's been long enough now, I think – no, I'm sure, or I would never even attempt this,†he whispered. Elena tipped her head back. Stefan stood between her and the wind and she was almost warm. She felt the little initial pain and then Stefan was drinking and their minds slid together like two raindrops on a glass window. He took very little blood. Just enough to make the difference in his eyes between Stillgreen pools and sparkling, effervescent streams. But then his gaze went Stillagain. â€Å"Damon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ he said, and paused awkwardly. What could Elena say? I just severed al ties with him? They were supposed to help one another along these trials; to show their wit and courage. If she refused, would she fail again? â€Å"Send him quick then,†she said. â€Å"Before I change my mind.† Five minutes later Elena was again tucked into the little nook, while Damon turned her head back and forth with dispassionate precision, then suddenly darted forward and sank his fangs into a prominent vein. Elena felt her eyes go wide. A bite that hurt this much – Well, she hadn't experienced it since the days when she had been stupid and unprepared and had fought with al her strength to get free. As for Damon's mind – there was a steel wal . Since she had to do this, she had been hoping to see the little boy who lived in Damon's inmost soul, the one who was the unwil ing Watch-Keeper over al of his secrets, but she couldn't even thaw the steel a little. After a minute or two, Stefan pul ed Damon off of her – not gently. Damon came away sul enly, wiping his mouth. â€Å"Are you okay?†Bonnie asked in a worried whisper, as Elena rummaged through Lady Ulma's medicine box for a piece of gauze to staunch the unhealed wounds in her neck. â€Å"I've been better,†Elena said briefly, as she wrapped up her scarf again. Bonnie sighed. â€Å"Meredith is the one who real y belongs here,†she said. â€Å"Yes, but Meredith real y belongs in Fel ‘s Church, too. I only hope they can hold on long enough for us to come back.† â€Å"I only hope that we can come back with something that wil help them,†Bonnie whispered. Meredith and Matt spent the time from 2:00 A.M. to dawn pouring infinitesimal drops from Misao's star bal onto the streets of the town, and asking the Power to – somehow – help them in the fight against Shinichi. This brisk movement from place to place had also netted a surprising bonus: kids. Not crazy kids. Normal ones, terrified of their brothers and sisters or of their parents, not daring to go home because of the awful things they had seen there. Meredith and Matt had crammed them into Matt's mother's second-hand SUV and brought them to Matt's house. In the end, they had more than thirty kids, from ages five to sixteen, al too frightened to play, or talk, or even to ask for anything. But they'd eaten everything Mrs. Flowers could find that wasn't spoiled in Matt's refrigerator and pantry, and from the pantries of the deserted houses on either side of the Honeycutts'. Matt, watching a ten-year-old girl cramming plain white bread into her mouth with wolfish hunger, tears running down her grimy face as she chewed and swal owed, said quietly to Meredith, â€Å"Think we've got any ringers in here?† â€Å"I'd bet my life on it,†she replied just as quietly. â€Å"But what are we going to do? Cole doesn't know anything helpful. We'l just have to pray that the un-possessed kids wil be able to help us when Shinichi's ringers attack.† â€Å"I think the best option when confronted by possessed kids who may have weapons is to run.† Meredith nodded absently, but Matt noticed she took the stave everywhere with her now. â€Å"I've devised a little test for them. I'm going to smack every one with a Post-It, and see what happens. Kids who've done things they regret may get hysterical, kids who're already just terrified may get some comfort, and the ringers wil either attack or run.† â€Å"This I have to see.† Meredith's test lured out only two ringers in the whole mob, a thirteen-year-old boy and a fifteen-year-old girl. Each of them screamed and darted through the house, shrieking wildly. Matt couldn't stop them. When it was al over and the older kids were comforting the younger ones, Matt and Meredith finished boarding up the windows and pasting amulets between the boards. They spent the evening scouting for food, questioning the kids about Shinichi and the Last Midnight, and helping Mrs. Flowers treat injuries. They tried to keep one person on guard at alltimes, but since they had been up and moving since 1:30 A.M., they were al very tired. At a quarter to eleven Meredith came to Matt, who was cleaning the scratches of a yel ow-haired eight-year-old. â€Å"Okay,†she said quietly, â€Å"I'm going to take my car and get the new amulets Mrs. Saitou said she'd have done by now. Do you mind if I take Saber?† Matt shook his head. â€Å"No, I'l do it. I know the Saitous better, anyway.† Meredith gave what, in a less refined person, might have been cal ed a snort. â€Å"I know them well enough to say, excuse me, Inari-Obaasan; excuse me, Orime-san; we're the troublemakers who keep asking for huge amounts of anti-evil amulets, but you don't mind that, do you?† Matt smiled faintly, let the eight-year-old go, and said, â€Å"Well, they might mind it less if you got their names straight. ‘Obaasan'means ‘grandma,'right?† â€Å"Yes, of course.† â€Å"And ‘san'is just a thingy you put at the end of a name to be polite.† Meredith nodded, adding, â€Å"And ‘a thingy at the end'is cal ed an ‘honorific suffix.'† â€Å"Yeah, yeah, but for al your big words you've got their names wrong. It's Orime-grandma and Orime-Isobel's-mother. So Orime-Obaasan and Orime-san, too.† Meredith sighed. â€Å"Look, Matt, Bonnie and I met them first. Grandma introduced herself as Inari. Now I know she's a little wacky, but she would certainly know her own name, right?† â€Å"And she introduced herself to me and said not just that she was named Orime, but that her daughter was named after her. Talk your way out of that one.† â€Å"Matt, shal I get my notebook? It's in the boardinghouse den – â€Å" Matt gave a short sharp laugh – almost a sob. He looked to make sure Mrs. Flowers wasn't around and then hissed, â€Å"It's somewhere down at the center of the earth, maybe. There is no den anymore.† For a moment Meredith looked simply shocked, but then she frowned. Matt glared darkly. It didn't help to think that they were the two most unlikely of their group to quarrel. Here they were, and Matt could practical y see the sparks flying. â€Å"All right,†Meredith said final y, â€Å"I'l just go over there and ask for Orime-Obaasan, and then tel them it was al your fault when they laugh.† Matt shook his head. â€Å"Nobody's going to laugh, because you're going to get it right that way.† â€Å"Look, Matt,†Meredith said, â€Å"I've been reading so much on the Internet that I even know the name Inari. I've come across it somewhere. And I'm sure I would have made†¦made the connection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Her voice trailed off. When Matt turned his eyes down from the ceiling, he started. Meredith's face was white and she was breathing quickly. â€Å"Inari†¦Ã¢â‚¬ she whispered. â€Å"I do know that name, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Suddenly she grabbed Matt's wrist so hard that it hurt. â€Å"Matt, is your computer absolutely dead?† â€Å"It went when the electricity went. By now even the generator is gone.† â€Å"But you have a mobile that connects to the Internet, right?† The urgency in her voice made Matt, in turn, take her seriously. â€Å"Sure,†he said. â€Å"But the battery's been kaput for at least a day. Without electricity I can't recharge it. And my mom took hers. She can't live without it. Stefan and Elena must've left their stuff at the boardinghouse – â€Å"He shook his head at Meredith's hopeful expression and whispered, â€Å"Or, should I say, where the boardinghouse used to be.† â€Å"But we have to find a mobile or computer that works! We have to! I need it to work for just a minute!†Meredith said frantical y, breaking away from him and beginning to pace as if trying to beat some world record. Matt was staring at her in bewilderment. â€Å"But why?† â€Å"Because we have to. I need it, even just for a minute!† Matt could only gaze at her, perplexed. Final y he said, â€Å"I guess we can ask the kids.† â€Å"The kids! One of them has got to have a live mobile! Come on, Matt, we have to talk to them right now.†She stopped and said, rather huskily, â€Å"I pray that you're right and I'm wrong.† â€Å"Huh?†Matt had no idea what was going on. â€Å"I said I pray that I'm wrong! You pray, too, Matt – please!†

Local environment in forest park district, Wuhan

Thesis statement: Barbecues have negative impacts on the environment because barbecues polluted the air and lake and also harmed the ecosystem in the forest park by decreasing the area of habitats and number of species.Abstract: The purpose of this research was to find the influence that human had in this area. The methods of this research were to investigate the local environment. The findings of this research were show the quality of the air and water and some living things in this area. The result of this research was to determine that the pollution was caused by human activities. The conclusion of this research was that human should do something to protect the environment.Introduction:  The purpose of this report was to find the influence that human had in this area. The five measurable objectives were the quality of air, water, soil, the population in this area and the number of plants or animals. The location is forest park district, Wuhan. The thesis statement of this report is that if want to access the human impact on the area and the area is measured and then the human impact can be determined.Methodology:  First of all, a map of PengLai Park was drawn and be explained. Then two trees, two bushes and two animals were being classified and searched on the internet. A food web and a food chain were not observed. After that, detailed the plants and animals distribution by using the quadrant method. Firstly, a 10m time’s 10m box was made up by two l0 meters long ropes. And then, the locations of each box which used in this research were recorded. Thirdly, the number of organisms that existed in the box were counted by four people and be recorded. After that, a picture of the location and all the things that appear in the box was been taken. By using the eyes and noses to determine the quality of the local air, water, and soil. The things that have done to the area in terms of pollution were by looking around their behavior.Findings:  Sands and clays have been found and the road was made up with cements. The majority plants exist in the park Chinese Sweet Gum and Zelkova  Schneiderina. A large amount of plants in this park were planted by human. The majority plants exist in the park were birdsand cats and human being. There was few living animals exist in the pool, nevertheless, there were still some aquatic plants exist in the pool. The food chain and food web was not observed.The local quality of air, water and soil were not very well because the environment is polluted by human effect such as smoking. Besides, there were lots of garbage throws by the neighbors who live nearby and nobody clean them in time. What is more, the water in the pool was really smells bad so that we can found out the quality of water is poor. Last but not least, some plants show the poor quality of the soil and it was damaged seriously. In a word, the local environment was damaged and polluted.According the data from these two tables, they sh ow that the average amount of the plants b is 5, and the average amount of the animals is 1. On the other hand, the total area of the park is about 27602 meter squares. The  total number of plants was 138010 and there were 27602 animals existed. These information shows that there is a few plants and animals exist in this area because of the pollution. Moreover, the number of plants and animals is not changeable.According to the pollution caused by human being, it is easy to determine that human lead to some severe consequences. For example, the garbage all around the park and nobody clean them, the poor quality of air and water. However, people who live nearby did something to protect this area and to improve the poor environment. Though there are lots of drawbacks, but humans are still try to something for this area so that can make the quality of their life become better. Since different living things have its own habitats and habits so that they live in the different area. By u sing the quadrant method, it shows some area have more living things than others.Discussion:  The information of the finding part shows the several following things. First of all, the environment is not very well; the quality of water and air is poor, the soil shows the bad consequence of the environment in this area. On the other hand, it shows how human's impact on the park’s environment, such as throwing garbage anywhere, but also human did some good things to protect the environment. The finding supports the idea of what average people thought. The park is polluted, and it causes the decreasing of the plants and animals. The garbage which was thrown by neighbors who lived nearby also worsens the pollution. Furthermore, some planting areas were destroyed by human as well.The information which given by methodology is very valuable for this research. For example, the Quadrant Method helps to found out the total number of the living plants and animals and it offers a huge c onvenience. Besides, the observation done by the groups showed how human impact on the local environment. The sense of sight and smell also help to determine the quality of air. The Secchi Disk is not used in this research because the water in the pool was not deep enough.Conclusion:  The information in the findings can prove the thesis statement and the data was used to analysis the human impact on the local environment. As an  artificial park, most of the stuff in there was built by human being. It was a place with high rate of human activities so that there were so much pollution and damage. The high rate of human activities is also the reason there lots of garbage in the park. The information about the park can also be used to help protect the environment of the park. As a citizen of Wuhan, human should try the best to protect the environment and the government should think some solutions such as let some volunteers to clean the park in time and so on. In brief, no matter ho w poor the environment is, humans should take good care of it.

Smokin essays

Smokin essays I sit down, and feel very uncomfortable. Slouching back it is comfortable, and my body loosens. My head rolling to the side, I am at peace. It starts, in, and I am at bliss. This is so nice, why would it ever need to end. The clouds are parting and my mind races. I hand it off, your turn, take it. As it heads around and back to me, I am free again. This is what happens as I live in Alaska. Now it sets in here, as we start in again. Its more of a ritual; I think that more and more every time. Since I know it happens every time we start in. it is so different now, is all I can think. Where did it all change? Why did it all change? For my mind being so free, it is sure full of a lot of things at these points in time. I used to be, on a regular base, like this a lot. Then I moved, it changes a lot of things for me, even though I try to think otherwise. In Alaska it was always the same thing. Im going cruising, I would tell my mom on my way out the door. My mom doesnt expect me home until morning now. Ah ha, I see Janices car in front of me, I wonder if it is Janice or Jamie, her older sister. They are both chill though, and they are both fun people to hang out with. Right on time too, we are both so predictable. I follow her for a few blocks, when is she going to head towards The Street. Ahh, there she goes, it is time to play. I am going forty-five now, it is a fifteen miles-an-hour zone. It always happens like this. Ohh, she chooses blueberry hill this time. Nothing new their, just one meeting point on the loop road. Turning down the music I roll down my window, and pull-up next to her. How you doin girl? Cool, just cruisin finding people like you to join me. I got Wesley with me, and he is completely full. He is always full, sure Ill join. Let me park my car at eagle. ...

The Greatest Ninja Battle in 1581

The Greatest Ninja Battle in 1581 It was a lawless era in Japan, with petty feudal lords fighting a never-ending series of small wars over land and power. In the chaotic Sengoku period (1467-1598), the peasants often ended up as cannon-fodder or incidental victims of the samurai wars; some commoners, however, organized themselves to defend their own homes, and to take advantage of the constant warfare. We call them the yamabushi or ninja. The key ninja strongholds were the mountainous provinces of Iga and Koga, located in what are now Mie and Shiga Prefectures, respectively, in southern Honshu. Residents of these two provinces gathered information and practiced their own techniques of espionage, medicine, warfare, and assassination. Politically and socially, the ninja provinces were independent, self-governing, and democratic - they were ruled by town council, rather than by a central authority or daimyo. To the autocratic nobles of other regions, this form of government was anathema. Warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534 - 82) remarked, They make no distinction between high and low, rich and poor... Such behavior is a mystery to me, for they go so far as to make light of rank, and have no respect for high ranking officials. He would soon bring these ninja lands to heel. Nobunaga embarked on a campaign to reunify central Japan under his authority. Although he did not live to see it, his efforts began the process that would end the Sengoku, and usher in 250 years of peace under the Tokugawa Shogunate. Nobunaga sent his son, Oda Nobuo, to take over the province of Ise in 1576. The former daimyos family, the Kitabatakes, rose up, but Nobuas army crushed them. The surviving Kitabatake family members sought refuge in Iga with one of the Oda clans major foes, the Mori clan. Oda Nobuo Humiliated Nobuo decided to deal with the Mori/Kitabatake threat by seizing Iga Province. He first took Maruyama Castle early in 1579 and began to fortify it; however, the Iga officials knew exactly what he was doing, because many of their ninja had taken construction jobs at the castle. Armed with this intelligence, the Iga commanders attacked Maruyama one night and burned it to the ground. Humiliated and furious, Oda Nobuo decided to attack Iga immediately in an all-out assault. His ten to twelve thousand warriors launched a three-pronged attack over the major mountain passes in eastern Iga in September 1579. They converged on Iseji village, where the 4,000 to 5,000 Iga warriors lay in wait. As soon as Nobuos forces had entered the valley, Iga fighters attacked from the front, while other forces cut off the passes to block the Oda armys retreat. From the cover, the Iga ninja shot Nobuos warriors with firearms and bows, then closed to finish them off with swords and spears. Fog and rain descended, leaving the Oda samurai bewildered. Nobuos army disintegrated - some killed by friendly fire, some committing seppuku, and thousands falling to the Iga forces. As historian Stephen Turnbull points out, this was one of the most dramatic triumphs of unconventional warfare over traditional samurai tactics in the whole of Japanese history. Oda Nobuo escaped the slaughter but was roundly chastised by his father for the fiasco. Nobunaga noted that his son has failed to hire any ninja of his own to spy out the enemys position and strength. Get shinobi (ninja)... This one action alone will gain you a victory. Revenge of the Oda Clan On October 1, 1581, Oda Nobunaga led about 40,000 warriors in an attack on Iga province, which was defended by approximately 4,000 ninja and other Iga warriors. Nobunagas massive army attacked from the west, east, and north, in five separate columns. In what must have been a bitter pill for Iga to swallow, many of the Koga ninja came into the battle on Nobunagas side. Nobunaga had taken his own advice about recruiting ninja assistance. The Iga ninja army held a hill-top fort, surrounded by earthworks, and they defended it desperately. Faced with overwhelming numbers, however, the ninja surrendered their fort. Nobunagas troops unleashed a massacre on the residents of Iga, although some hundreds escaped. The ninja stronghold of Iga was crushed. Aftermath of the Iga Revolt In the aftermath, the Oda clan and later scholars called this series of encounters the Iga Revolt or the Iga No Run. Although the surviving ninja from Iga scattered across Japan, taking their knowledge and techniques with them, the defeat at Iga signaled the end of ninja independence. A number of the survivors made their way to the domain of Tokugawa Ieyasu, a rival of Nobunagas, who welcomed them. Little did they know that Ieyasu and his descendants would stamp out all opposition, and usher in a centuries-long era of peace that would make ninja skills obsolete. The Koga ninja did play a role in several later battles, including the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and the Siege of Osaka in 1614. The last known action that employed Koga ninja was the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637-38, in which ninja spies aided the shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu in putting down Christian rebels. However, the age of the democratic and independent ninja provinces ended in 1581, when Nobunaga put down the Iga Revolt. Sources Man, John. Ninja: 1,000 Years of the Shadow Warrior, New York: HarperCollins, 2013. Turnbull, Stephen. Ninja, AD 1460-1650, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. Turnbull, Stephen. Warriors of Medieval Japan, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2011.

Philosophy final paper pre-question 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy final paper pre-question 2 - Essay Example Hobbes states that a state of War is inevitable provided these are the main characteristic features of the state of nature. The equal state of vulnerability among mankind makes all of us capable of harming each other, and this leads to the increase of negative vibes and fear. Moreover, relative scarcity directs us to competition. Now competition along with the absence of moral values can lead us further to a possibility of invasion and destruction of other people. Then there is rationality which further leads to a generalized notion of fear, so we are scared of everyone as all of mankind are in same situation. In this way, everyone is dragged into the scenario of violence, and this is what Hobbes describes as a state of war with a continual likelihood of violence. Further, Hobbes tries to associate the conception of the state of nature with that of a sovereign authority. The five main qualities mentioned earlier make the state involve in no cooperation among its mankind. In Hobbes’ own words, â€Å"the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.† But as there is no law or government, the question of just or unjust does not value much here. There is no common power to enforce any kind of law, which means there are no moral laws as well. That strongly indicates that men are independent with the right to use their own power to preserve themselves. But does it mean that there is a need of a sovereign authority? The conception of a sovereign is defined in general by the quality of common or mutual agreement and understanding among a group of like-minded people. But if men have the right to use their own power, then what kind of ‘right’ will the term actually be holding? So the appropriate denotation of the term ‘right’ has to be determined. But then, the concept of ‘right’ in this context also contains the notions of ‘ought’ and

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 35

Ethics - Essay Example In addition, ethics creates a professional working environment while regulating employee behavior towards a more profitable organization. Ethics also encourage the establishment of a solid framework to reward or reprimand employees concerning their conduct. In addition, ethics facilitate actualization or job satisfaction. One of the best ways to enhance professionalism is through leadership where leaders serve as a role model for the staff; moreover, leaders should be in the first line to practice what they ask of their employees. Therefore, as a project manager, it is more efficient to establish democratic leadership, which calls for consultations with all stakeholders within an organization. This would enhance the flow of ideas as well as information and ensure that all employees play a role in the decision making process. The decisions made should emulate ethical values as a basic step towards employee empowerment and encourage teamwork, which in turn, leads to attainment of a higher level of performance. An effective project manager should act to motivate staff members and establish a professional relationship. This can be best attained by defining a viable framework for rewarding or punishing employees. The framework encourages employees to abide to ethics and laid down standards of operation, where they are then rewarded for their efforts. Employees who deviate from the norm are thusly subjected to punishment in accordance to established values. In order to instill code of conduct within the organization, the project manager should also organize training seminars for employees. This is aims to inspire the workers, sensitize them on the importance of practicing professionalism by upholding ethics, and set policies. Emphasis should be placed on the benefits of respecting professional ethics and the code of conduct. This is concerning proper utilization of resources, efficiency and fluency of projects undertaken

Capital Budget Model Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capital Budget Model - Term Paper Example Financial modeling as explained above is the task of creating a representation of a real financial situation in the world. It consists of the process of forecasting the performance of a financial portfolio or asset of a business through the use of a mathematical or scientific model in order to provide management of a business with adequate information to make informed decisions on the types of portfolio and assets to finance in the future. To understand more about financial models, it is important to critically review them and understand why they are important in today’s financial world. Let us begin with a critical review of financial models. Financial modeling consists of the process of forecasting the performance of organizations and assets, through the use of relationships among a number of variables. This provides the management of an organization with insight into the short-term and long-term environment of business in order summarize specific events to provide direction concerning possible alternatives or actions management can take to achieve set goals and objectives. Financial models can be created in numerous ways, either by the use of a pen and a paper, or computer software. What is most significant, however, is not the type of user interface that is used, but the fundamental logic that incorporates the model. For example, a model can summarize the returns of an investment, such as Sortino Ratio, or it may assist approximate the direction of the market, such as Fed Model.

Business Environment Analysis For Marks And Spencer Economics Essay

Business Environment Analysis For Marks And Spencer Economics Essay My chosen organisation is Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer has six main objectives. The main goal of any business is to increase profit. This is done by working out the total revenue that the business has made from selling and costs of its product. For any business to survive, profit must be earned. Like any other business Marks and Spencer needs to increase its sales. To do this they must fulfill what the customer needs and desires. To increase their sales Marks and Spencer needs to attract new customers by for instance aiming for the younger market whilst at the same time ensure that its loyal customers are kept satisfied with a supply of products which cater for their needs. Marks and Spencer also have the objective of earning market leadership. In order to do this, they must become more competitive. By meeting the wants and needs of more customers as well as by attracting more potential customers and offering better quality for affordable prices, Marks and Spencer can oust the competition and achieve a high standing status in the market. Offering a high quality service is also one of Marks and Spencers objectives. In their annual report they claimed that no one cares more about quality than they do and in fact Marks and Spencer are well known for this. Like other businesses another objective for Marks and Spencer is growth. For Marks and Spencer to survive and to be competitive, the issue of growth must be attended to. By growing, the business is expanding globally and thus achieves recognition in different countries attracting different pools of clientele. The last objective of Marks and Spencer is rewarding shareholders. It is important for a business to keep the shareholders content since they are a fundamental source of investment. Marks and Spencer needs to make profit in order to maintain share holders as well as attract further investment. Each of these objectives has its own importance, neglecting either one of them would surely bring the organisation to a halt. Marks and Spencer has created a set of six priorities in order to better meet the objectives it has set out. The organization aims to retain their leading position in the market whilst improving their performance in certain sectors which do not make as much profit as other areas, such as for instance the food sector. In this way they can continue to satisfy the current customers they hold whilst attracting potential customers by focusing on better promoting one of the branches of their business. Through the optimization of margins, controlling costs and expenditure and maintaining a strong balance sheet, Marks and Spencer can ensure a better calculation of its profits and losses and thus have a better chance of securing its place in the market through the composition of a well-planned market strategy. Finally and by no means as a last priority, Marks and Spenc er deems it necessary to enforce high ethical standards. Essentially the organization has to increase its sales since this is the only way in which it will be able to make a profit. It therefore has to invest in its products and ensure that these are marketed well as its ultimate goal is to attract customers and keep them from going to their competitor. It is of no surprise that driving their international business is not a first priority since ultimately I think they would be better off ensuring that the organization is functioning with utmost profitability before seeking to expand to other areas. 1b) External stakeholders play an important part in the achievement of the business, this is because they sell to and purchase from the company, but they are not employed by the company. They are considered stakeholders as they stand to gain from the company. Some external stakeholders of Marks and Spencer are customers, suppliers and the general public. One of the most essential stakeholders of a business is the customer. The customers of Marks and Spencer purchase the products marketed by the company resulting in a profit for the organization. Without customers the business would not survive. Suppliers are external stakeholders as they sell their products to Marks and Spencer in exchange for a price; thus both parties benefit from this relationship. Marks and Spencer need to take care of their suppliers to ensure that the suppliers continue to provide them with good quality products for a reasonable price, so that in turn Marks and Spencer provides its customers with the same good quality products at competitive prices. Another important stakeholder is the general public. The organization must take into consideration various factors when developing products as well as their production processes. The reason for this is the impact and influence which such process or product may have on potential and actual customers. Marks and Spencer have to ensure that their goods are environmentally friendly and are produced in an environmentally friendly way. Having a means of production which creates high health or environment hazards will result in a decline of people purchasing the product, or potentially purchasing from that organization, therefore, a lower amount of sales and consequently a reduction in profits. 2) There are several conditions that affect demand in an organization. A change in a customers income is one such condition. If the purchaser does not have a good income to maintain himself or his family, then he will definitely not have enough money to treat himself to something that he wants, conversely, if the buyer earns a good income, he would be more likely to spend. Thus the rise in income is directly proportionate to the demand and affects it in such a way that with an increase in income, the consumer will tend to purchase more products than he would if he earned a lesser amount. Marks and Spencers offers high quality products with good value, thus people earning an average wage would definitely afford their products. A second condition is when a substitute product changes its price. The increase in the price of one good will direct to an increase in demand for the competing product. Another condition is when a price of a complementary product changes. Here one considers supplies that are in complementary demand, such as the demand for video players and video films. If Marks and Spencer sells DVD players at a cheaper price, the likelihood is that more DVD players will be bought. This will lead to a growth in market demand for DVD films. The changes in weather also condition demand. The price of a product fluctuates when either demand or supply changes. For example in good weather the supply of grains and oil normally increases. Customers will tend to purchase more when products are more readily available and are at a lower price. One can also consider the scenario where the change in climate or weather increases the demand as is the case in the sale of umbrellas when rain is expected. Another condition is the changes in taxation on the product. The implementation of a tax by the government affects product prices in such a way that the organization will have to raise its price in order to be able to meet the tax requirement, cater for the expenditure incurred for the purchase of the product as well as keep a percentage of profit from the sale. Thus one must assess whether the business can pass some or all of the tax onto the customer through a higher price without negatively affecting the demand. Clothes and accessories are essential products in todays world and affect all levels of society indiscriminately. A condition that relates to their demand is changes to tastes and fashions. Companies try to influence the varying tastes and preferences of households in favor of their products with the help of a good marketing and advertising strategy. The influence which these advertisements have on the public brings about an increase in demand for their products. Marks and Spencer offers a wide range of variety in clothes. They offer a selection of inexpensive to extravagant and luxurious products that cater for every pocket. Another condition is a change in the population, such as growth. Due to the inelasticity of demand of a product such as food; which will continue to sell despite any increase in price; as the population grows so does the demand. Consequently this leads to growth in agriculture and the expansion of cultivated land. I think in this type of situation the only thing that Marks and Spencer can do is generate more products so as to cater for a bigger demand by the growing population. Marketing in itself is a condition which affects demand. Marketers must pursue constant research and should not rely solely on their own judgment to determine whether marketing decisions need to be adjusted. When considering price adjustment, the marketer must investigate the effects which a change in price is likely to have on target market demand for a product. Understanding how changes in price affect the market requires the marketer have a firm understanding of the concept of elasticity of demand. This entails an evaluation of the price and how it alone affects the overall demand. This assessment necessarily requires one to consider the manner in which competitors may react to the marketers price change by changing the price of their product. Thus one here anticipates the market reaction and how this will affect company revenue. Marks and Spencer continue to strive to meet customer demand; the expansion of their websites offering free delivery and online deals clearly illustrates this. Marks and Spencer have continued to endeavor to provide a better service by increasing the number of people in their trading teams in order to focus on bringing the right products to the right stores, to meet the ever-growing demands of the customer. 3a) A mixed economy is when both the private and the public sector take part in the production, distribution and all other economic activities within a state. The mixed economy permits the inclusion of private contribution in the field of production in a situation of competition with an aim of achieving profit. This mixture of free enterprise and government control has been looked upon from varying perceptions; some claim it is beneficial whilst others believe it has no impact or is detrimental to the economy of that state. An advantage of a mixed economy is that it assists in increasing over-all production in the nation.  Private and public segments work hard in order to bring about more production. People can take the initiative to start companies on their own, whilst deciding what to produce and the prices they will charge for the goods or services that they offer.  Ã‚  Another advantage is the use of government revenue through the payment of taxes, these organisations obtain benefits such as those provided by government services like social programs, subsidies and other government incentive programs. The benefits of mixed economies have been witnessed by the growth of some states into some of the leading markets in the world such as those of the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Some disadvantages of a mixed economy are that businesses have to find their own niche in the marketplace for products, and that they have no control over the taxes they pay.  Companies often complain of tax rates being too high for the services and products they offer. Certain economists opine that in fact, mixed economies hardly ever accomplish the growth at which they are aimed. They also criticize the fact that the mixed economies do not make proper use of national resources. 3b) The current economic climate of the USA is a recession, as seen in the figure below. A recession is a phase of general economic turn down. This comes with a fall in the stock market, an increase in unemployment and a turn down in the property market. If a recession persists long enough it is often then classified as a depression. The last two depressions of the USA occurred in 1990-1991 and 2001, lasting eight months each and only two of the ten previous post-depression downturns lasted as long as a full year according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Tony Fratto, the Deputy Press Secretary for the White House emphasized on the need for the American Government to take the necessary steps to bring the economy back to its full force. He propounded on the importance of returning the financial and credit markets back to their normal state, and to try to re-establish the housing market. Mr. Fratto also held that in order to reach stability the states must necessarily take cognizance of the current unemployment situation. Although there is no singular cause, one of the principal reasons given to explain the current economic recession was the housing downturn that resulted in losses of multibillion dollars for one of the nations leading banks as early as 2006. Furthermore, June 2007 was recorded as a period with the lowest rate of home sales and in December of the same year, the recession was deemed to have started. In 2008 due to a reduction in the labour market, the costs of living rose along with the unemployment rate, leading to a reduction in the peoples savings. In 2009/2010 the global markets continued to shift, unemployment increased whilst profits, interest rates, expenditure and investment continued to descend rapidly. Various commentators have stated that the present recession is one of the extended downturns since the Great Depression of the 1930s. What is President Obama doing to try to get out of the recession? President Obama requested Congress to provide him with an economic package the value of which amounted to more than 800 Billion Dollars in order to be able to cope with the current economic crisis. As part of his economic policy the President engaged in a series of talks with the banking sector to introduce new banking policies for the benefit of its customers. Monetary and fiscal policies are being updated, special care being taken so as to reduce the present economic crisis. Many US economic policies are being promulgated by government to stabilize the financial sector. A motion was put forward for the modification of health insurance in order to ensure better health for residents and counteract the repercussions that poverty might bring upon the American citizens. The introduction of new inventions and ideas would help in the economic development of the continent and generate a new source of investment and income. Currently, one can see an immense expansion being demonstrated in the area of computing, aerospace, medical and military equipment. 4a) Price intervention in the context of the European Community refers to a point when the world market price falls below the EU price, the EU interferes to buy the surplus product, in order to keep the price high. Fifty years ago, the importance of the EU agricultural policy was to supply enough food to a Europe coming from a time of shortages, due to war. The EU policy seeks to facilitate the route for producers of all forms of food; such as crops, fruit and vegetables; in order to enable them to compete with other producers on both a European and a global scale. The EU nowadays helps farmers by giving them payments to keep their lands in good condition and to meet the environmental and animal welfare standards, as an alternative to paying famers to produce more. The Common Agricultural Policy with the help of the Community, purchases farm products after the market price falls below the agreed level so as keep itself from the accumulation of Butter Mountains and Wine Lakes. The advantages of price intervention in the EU through the Common Agricultural Policy are that it provides incentives and measures to raise productivity and ensure reasonable living standards for the agricultural society. It also promotes the stabilization of the market whilst ensuring availability of food products at reasonable and realistic prices. The disadvantages are that due to an increase in productivity leading to a surplus which can result in Butter Mountains. These cause an increase in the tax load on EU Member States due to a rise in the contributions each must make to the budget. I think that the European Unions Agricultural policy is a necessary tool which allows farmers to maintain their jobs whilst keeping agricultural produce at a stable price for everyone to afford and thus minimalising waste and expenditure. http://europa.eu/pol/agr/index_en.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4407792.stm 4b) Introduced in 1999, the European Economic and Monetary policy aimed to facilitate the free movement of goods, services, capital and labour. Full integration necessitates the harmonization of member states in certain sectors in order to achieve greater unity and symmetry. EMU in conjunction with other policies implemented by the European Community seeks to achieve this objective. Having the euro as a common currency has proved particularly useful during the recession because it provided more stability for countries within the Union by allowing them to deal with the economic crises in a strategic and co-ordinated manner. The benefits of being in the Euro-Zone are that goods, services and profits are easily moved across the national borders of the Unions member states. The Euro has gained strength over the years and now competes with strong-standing currencies such as the American Dollar. An additional benefit of the adoption of the EMU is that it is now becoming far easier to trade, travel and invest within the Union itself. However, in order to join the EMU, EU member states need to meet certain criteria. Every governments debt must be not exceed 60% of a countrys gross domestic product, the deficit must not be greater than 3% of the nations gross domestic product and the inflation rate must be reduced to below 3.2% and conversely government bonds producing 7.7%. Member States encounter certain additional problems when considering full integration with the European Union; these include dealing with tax, the application and transposition of different regulations affecting financial intermediaries along with security trading systems. In conclusion I would like to speak from my own personal experience as the citizen of one of the smallest member states in the Union. Malta adopted the Euro in 2008; the process of adjusting our economic and financial institutions to meet the established criteria was no easy one. 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